The challenges of the new Syrian army |تحديات الجيش السوري الجديد

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تحديات جمع المتناقضين...
الجيش السوري الجديد
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انحل الجيش السوري تلقائيًا مع سقوط نظام بشار الأسد، فجر 8 من كانون الأول 2024، وفرّت معظم القيادات التي تلطخت أيديها بدماء الشعب السوري خارج البلاد، ما خلّف فراغًا بمؤسسة الجيش في سوريا.

وخلال مؤتمر النصر، في 29 من كانون الثاني الماضي، أُعلن عن حل الفصائل العسكرية التي حاربت ضد نظام الأسد لدمجها في هيكلية واحدة تحت وزارة الدفاع.

وتعد الفصائل المندمجة هي النواة الأساسية للجيش السوري الجديد، بمختلف توجهاتها وولاءاتها، ويشغل هذا الأمر اهتمامًا واسعًا لما يحمله من تطورات لتحقيق الاستقرار والأمن وتعزيز الوحدة الوطنية.

وتتجه وزارة الدفاع ليكون الجيش السوري الجديد تطوعيًا بعقيدة وطنية، مع نظام واضح لمنح الرتب العسكرية، يعتمد على التدريب والكفاءة لبناء قوات مسلحة احترافية، ويعتبر هذا تحولًا جوهريًا في هيكلية وهوية الجيش.

إلا أن المؤسسة العسكرية، التي تتخذ منهجًا هجينًا، بين الشرق والغرب، على خلاف الجيش السابق، الذي كان ضمن المعسكر الشرقي، يواجه سباقًا مع الزمن، لوضع الأسس، وسط مخاطر تحيط به، داخليًا وخارجيًا.

تناقش عنب بلدي في هذا الملف، هيكلية الجيش السوري الجديد، الذي ما زال في طور التشكيل والتأسيس، وتستعرض خطواته التي اتخذها، مع باحثين وخبراء، وتبحث في مكامن الضعف والقوة.

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challenges of uniting opposites
Syria’s new army
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The Syrian army dissolved automatically with the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime at dawn on December 8, 2024, as most senior commanders accused of involvement in the killing of Syrians fled the country, leaving a vacuum within the military institution.

During the Victory Conference on January 29, the dissolution of the military factions that had fought against Assad’s regime was announced, with the goal of merging them into a single structure under the Ministry of Defense.

These merged factions now form the core of the new Syrian army, with all their diverse orientations and loyalties. The initiative has drawn wide attention as it represents a key step toward achieving stability, security, and national unity.

The Ministry of Defense is working to establish a volunteer-based Syrian army founded on a national doctrine and a clear system for granting military ranks based on training and merit, in order to build professional armed forces. This marks a major shift in the army’s structure and identity.

However, the new military institution which follows a hybrid approach combining Eastern and Western models unlike the previous army that was aligned with the Eastern bloc faces a race against time to lay down its foundations amid internal and external challenges.

Enab Baladi explores in this report the structure of the new Syrian army, which is still in the process of formation, reviewing the steps taken so far with input from researchers and military experts, and examining its strengths and weaknesses.
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